Definition and Examples of Semantic Patients in Grammar

The Women s Rights Movement - 702 Words

To declare that the women’s rights movement in the United States failed to accomplish its goals in the early –mid 19th century because the slavery issue was never resolved is unfounded. In the early-mid 19th century, women began to demand change in American society, as they challenged the traditional roles of women politically, socially, and economically. - political, social, and economic change {Challenged the traditional views of women - pushed the boundaries – public sphere/life of women changed dramatically as a result of their reform efforts} - Political – desired equal legal rights as men, including the right to vote - Social {considered inferior to men, women wanted nothing more than to be treated as an equal in the public sphere - same educational opportunities}) - Economic (entitled to same financial opportunities as men - right to own property, job opportunities and equal pay for equal work) primary goals: improve women’s roles in society/Equality–women should possess the same political and economic rights when compared to men. Background information: Anti-slavery movement (primarily a male dominated reform, but many women supported this movement – devoted their time and effort to bring change For those women involved in the abolitionist movement, they started to draw parallels between slavery and the status of women in society. â€Å"both were expected to be passive, cooperative, and obedient. In addition, the legal status of both slaves and women were unequalShow MoreRelatedThe Women s Rights Movement874 Words   |  4 Pages1848 to 1920, the women’s rights movement demonstrated the first true act of feminism, founded by a group of women rights activists to combat against women’s suffrage in the United States. By the 1960’s radical feminists also known as the woman’s liberation movement once again took up the fight for equality amongst men and woman, yet by the late 1990’s early 2000’s it had begun to change, losing its primary focus of fighting for a woman’s right, and becoming a burden on women today. The blowback fromRead MoreThe Women s Rights Movement1659 Words   |  7 Pagesmen and women, the women’s rights movement in Pakistan has just begun. People are starting to protest against discriminations that women face in their daily lives that disable them from having a voice in society. Some of these discriminations involve men being able to divorce their wives without her consent, women’s voices having half the weight of a man’s in court, and female heirs inheriting less money or property than a male heir (â€Å"Sharia†, 9). Groups like the Pakistani Women’s Rights OrganizationRead MoreThe Women s Rights Movement Essay987 Words   |  4 Pagesthat occurs is that women were never given the opportunity to voice their opinion on what kind of job that they should do. In addition, voting at this point of time for women was quite impractical. The wartime was a difficult time for women who wanted to capitalize on an opportunity. They wanted a job to prove to men that they are much stronger. However, there was hope when the U.S. woman’s rights movement began. A woman by the name of Elizabeth Cady Stanton started the movement at Seneca Falls, NewRead MoreThe Women s Rights Movement1366 Words   |  6 PagesWomen’s Rights Movement The equality women have today did not just happen over night.In this passage there will be evidence of an impowering fight that women over came to say WE ARE IMPORTANT TO!! All the brave strong women that fought this battle, along with the obstacles women still face today.Also the surprising fact that women’s rights also consists of racism and sexual orientation.This movement was necessary, and is truly an accomplishment in history. The first outbreak of confidentRead MoreThe Women s Rights Movement1091 Words   |  5 PagesAmerican history, women have constantly been suppressed. It was believed overall that women were not supposed to work, but to stay home, cook, clean, make clothes, and take care of the child(ren). Basically, a woman was considered her husband’s property. It was not until 1920s that women were finally able to get the rights they deserve, such as birth control, new divorce laws, and ultimately the right to vote, which was the main focus of the Women’s Rights Movement. This movement consisted of manyRead MoreThe Women s Rights Movement1547 Words   |  7 PagesFlorida SouthWestern State College The Women’s Rights Movement What was the significance of the Seneca Falls Convention on the Women’s Rights Movement? Jennifer Flores AMH2010 Mr. Stehlin 16 November 2015 The Women’s Rights Movement began in 1848 with the first assembly of women and men gathering to discuss the civil, social, and other conditions of women. The Seneca Falls Convention was the start of the women’s movement. The two women who organized this event were Lucretia Mott andRead MoreThe Women s Rights Movement1420 Words   |  6 Pageswomen’s rights movement in the United States in the early –mid 19th century did not fail to accomplish its goals, as slavery was not an issue women wanted to resolve (address?) In the early-mid 19th century, some women began to demand change in American society (as they challenged the traditional roles of women politically, socially, and economically?) -political, social, and economic change {challenged the traditional views of women - pushed the boundaries – public sphere/life of women changedRead MoreThe Women s Rights Movement1620 Words   |  7 Pageshas improved over the last several years in the broader culture and by police, self-blame and shame has persisted among victims, leaving them just as unwilling to come forward.†(Gray. para. 10) The women’s rights movement is still going strong, and there have been major accomplishments for women within the last several decades. In 1968, the fair housing act made it no longer possible for a woman to be turned down by a landlord based solely on her being female. In 1986, the legal definition of ‘sexualRead MoreThe Women s Rights Movement881 Words   |  4 PagesThe Women’s Rights Movement, 1848–1920 1. â€Å"The first gathering devoted to women’s rights in the United States was held July 19–20, 1848, in Seneca Falls, New York.† 2. Principal organizers : Elizabeth Cady Stanton (a mother of four, the Quaker, abolitionist ) 3. Social and institutional barriers that limited women’s rights: family responsibilities, a lack of educational and economic opportunities, and the absence of a voice in political debates. 4. Stanton and Anthony created the National WomanRead MoreThe Women s Rights Movement1813 Words   |  8 PagesOver a hundred years ago, one event created chaos among gender roles and here are some of the initial factors of how rights for women started as a predicament which later began to evolve into a much larger problem that involved many people around the nations. Over the course of history, many issues had change the world to what it has become today. Many problems led to social, economic, and other changes. One small event is able to cause more obstacles, which eventually leads to larger complications

Synthesis of Aspirin Lab Report free essay sample

The goal of this experiment was to synthesize aspirin. In this experiment aspirin, also known as acetylsalicylic acid, was synthesized from salicylic acid and acetic anhydride. In the reaction the hydroxyl group on the benzene ring in salicylic acid reacted with acetic anhydride to form an ester functional group. This method of forming acetylsalicylic acid is an esterification reaction. Since this esterification reaction is not spontaneous, sulfuric acid was used as a catalyst to initiate the reaction. After the reaction was complete some unreacted acetic anhydride and salicylic acid was still be present in the solution as well as some sulfuric acid, aspirin, and acetic acid. Crystallization, which uses the principle of solubility, was then used to remove most of the impurities and caused the acetylsalicylic acid to precipitate out of the solution. Next, the crude product was then purified by adding water which further lowered the solubility of acetylsalicylic acid and dissolved some impurities from the crystal of aspirin. The aspirin was then isolated from the solution using a vacuum filtration apparatus. The percent yield of crude aspirin product was 91. 89%. To purify the crude aspirin product a recrystallization procedure was performed. The percent yield of the purified aspirin product was 5. 77%. Next a phenol test was performed on the crude aspirin product, the purified aspirin product, and salicylic acid as a control. The phenol test was to test the purity of the aspirin product that was created during the experiment. The crude aspirin product and the purified aspirin product had no color changes and remained orange when mixed with the iron (III) chloride solution, which means that there were no phenol groups in both the crude aspirin product and the purified aspirin product. The lack of reaction with the iron (III) chloride revealed that both the crude aspirin product and the purified aspirin product were pure aspirin. The salicylic acid turned into a dark purple color when mixed with the iron (III) chloride solution, which was expected since salicylic acid has phenol groups. Next a melting point test was performed on the purified aspirin product. The purified product started to melt at 86 degrees Celsius and finished completely melting at 102 degrees Celsius. The melting point of the purified product was lower than the expected 135 degree Celsius melting point of aspirin, which revealed to us that the purified aspirin product still contained some impurities. Introduction: As early as 3000 BC ancient cultures such as Greek, Roman, Egyptian, and Chinese found that extracts from plants such as willow bark, meadowsweet, and myrtle possessed the ability to alleviate fever, pain, and inflammation. These plants contain a compound called salicylate, which creates these curative attributes. Several of years later the folk remedy of plants containing salicylate transformed into the cure-all medication known as aspirin. Today aspirin, also known as acetylsalicylic acid, is an over the counter medication that is extremely popular and is used for relieving pain, reducing fever, reducing swelling, and slowing blood clotting. The history of aspirin began in 1763 when Edward Stone wrote a paper to the Royal Society of London that claimed that willow bark could cure ague, which is now known as malaria. Later it was found that the treatment did not actually cure malaria, but instead just reduced the fever of those with the disease. Nearly a century later, a Scottish physician found that Edward Stone’s extract could also be used to relieve the symptoms of acute rheumatism. Organic chemists began working with willow bark and many other plants to try and extract and isolate the active ingredients from them, in doing so it was found that the active ingredient was salicylic acid. Salicylic acid was then industrialized for medicinal use, but soon after industrialization it was found that salicylic acid was extremely limited as a treatment because of the acidic properties that cause severe irritation in the digestive tract. In 1893, Felix Hofmann synthesized acetylsalicylic acid, which has all of the same medicinal benefits as salicylic acid but it did not have the side effect of irritating the digestive tract. Hofmann worked for Bayer, which then named acetylsalicylic acid compound aspirin. Aspirin became commercially available in 1899 and today it is estimated that over a trillion aspirin tablets have been consumed by those in need of its curative effects. In this experiment aspirin was synthesized from salicylic acid and acetic anhydride. Salicylic acid was esterfied using acetic acid and sulfuric acid acting as a catalyst to produce acetylsalicylic acid and acetic acid. The phenol group that will attack the carbonyl carbon of the acetic anhydride is the –OH group that is directly attached to the benzene since it is more basic than the –OH group attached to the carbonyl group. This method of forming acetylsalicylic acid is an esterification reaction. Since this esterification reaction is not spontaneous, sulfuric acid was used as a catalyst to initiate the reaction. Sulfuric acid serves as the acid catalyst since its conjugate base is a strong deprotonating group that is necessary in order for this reaction to be reversible. The need for the strong conjugate base is the reason why other strong acids such as HCl is not used since its conjugate base Cl- is very weak compared to HSO3-. After the reaction was complete some unreacted acetic anhydride and salicylic acid was still be present in the solution as well as some sulfuric acid, aspirin, and acetic acid. Crystallization, which uses the principle of solubility, was then used to remove most of the impurities and caused the acetylsalicylic acid to precipitate out of the solution. This precipitation happens because the solvent can no longer hold all of the solute molecules, and the molecules begin to leave the solution and form solid crystals. During this cooling, each solute molecule in turn approaches a growing crystal and rests on the crystal surface. If the geometry of the molecule fits that of the crystal, it will be more likely to remain on the crystal than it is to go back into the solution. Therefore, each growing crystal consists of only one type of molecule, the solute. The acetylsalicylic acid’s solubility decreased and caused it to gradually precipitate out of the solution while the other compounds were left in solution because they were either a liquid at room temperature or have higher solubilities and would not completely crystallize out of the solution. After the solution had come to room temperature, it was carefully submerged in an ice bath to complete the crystallization process. To purify the crude product, water was added to solution to further lower the solubility of acetylsalicylic acid and to dissolve some of the impurities from the crystal. The chilled solution was then filtered through vacuum filtration to isolate the pure crystals. Vacuum filtration was the technique used for separating the solid aspirin product from the solvent or liquid reaction mixture. The mixture of solid and liquid was poured through a filter paper in a Buchner funnel. The solid aspirin product was trapped by the filter and the liquid was drawn through the funnel into the flask below it by a vacuum. The aspirin product that was collected still contained some impurities. The general reaction equation and the reaction mechanism are as follows: To purify the crude aspirin product a recrystallization procedure needed to be performed to remove impurities and to further purify it. Recrystallization utilizes the different solubilities of the desired product and impurities included in the reaction mixture. So, when the solvent cools, only the impurities will remain dissolved and the â€Å"pure† product will crystallize out of the solution. The information we gather will allow us to determine the percent yield of the crude aspirin product and of the purified aspirin product. The percent yield is a way of measuring how successful a reaction has been. Percent yield problems allow us to calculate what percent of the expected product we are able to account for by the end of our experiment. Actual amount of product Percent yield = - x 100 Expected amount of product Next, a phenol test must be performed to determine the purity of the aspirin product. The impurities that could be in the purified aspirin product could be salicylic acid and other compounds that contain a hydroxyl group on a benzene ring and are known as phenols. Phenols form a highly colored complex with iron (III) chloride that can range from a pale to dark purple depending on the concentration of the phenol group present in the solution. Pure aspirin does not contain any phenol groups and should be unreactive when mixed with the iron (III) chloride solution and should remain orange in color. Another way the purity of the sample is tested is through a melting point test on the purified aspirin product. A pure compound has a specific range in which it melts and it is normally a fairly small range. If the melting point of the purified aspirin sample is lower than the expected or if it has a very broad range compared to the actual range, then the sample still contains some impurities. Experimental: In a 125 mL Erlenmeyer flask add 5 mL of acetic anhydride, 1. 999g of salicylic acid, and 5 drops of sulfuric acid. Swirl the mixture in the Erlenmeyer flask for approximately one minute so that all of its contents have completely dissolved. Heat the mixture using a water bath for 10 minutes. The water bath temperature should not exceed 50 degrees Celsius. While heating the mixture, measure out 70 mL of DI water and then put it in a 100 mL beaker. Also, set up an ice bath for the mixture in the Erlenmeyer flask as well as a second ice bath for the 100 mL beaker while waiting for the mixture in the Erlenmeyer flask to heat. After the mixture has heated for 10 minutes, remove it from the water bath and allow it to cool to room temperature. Crystallization should begin once the solution reaches room temperature. If crystallization does not occur use a glass stirring rod and with strong force scratch the bottom of the Erlenmeyer flask. Cool the Erlenmeyer flask containing the mixture in the ice bath set up previously for 20 minutes. At the same time place the 100 mL beaker containing 70 mL DI water in the second ice bath set up previously for 20 minutes. While waiting for those items to cool, set up the vacuum filtration apparatus. After 20 minutes of cooling, take 50 mL of the 70 mL now cooled DI water from the 100 mL beaker and add it to the 125 mL Erlenmeyer flask that contains the mixture. Leave the 125 mL Erlenmeyer flask that contains the mixture in its ice bath and allow it to cool for an extra 5 minutes. Also leave the remaining 20 mL of DI water in the 100 mL beaker in its ice bath. After cooling for an additional 5 minutes, pour the contents in the 125mL Erlenmeyer flask into a Buchner funnel attached to the vacuum filtration apparatus. Make sure to get as much of the product into the Buchner funnel as possible. Use the remaining 20 mL of DI water in the 100 mL beaker to rinse out the 125 mL Erlenmeyer flask and wash the product in the Buchner funnel. Allow the sample to vacuum dry for 5 minutes. While waiting for the sample to vacuum dry weigh a weigh boat. After the sample has dried for 5 minutes, turn off the vacuum filtration apparatus and retrieve the crude product from the Buchner funnel and place it in the previously weighed weigh boat. Weigh the weigh boat with sample inside and record the mass of the crude product formed. Calculate the percent yield of the product formed. Next, place a few crystals of the crude product in a test tube labeled A and put to the side for later use. Reweigh your sample and record the new mass sample. Now place the crude product from the weigh boat in a 25 mL Erlenmeyer flask and add 3 mL of ethyl acetate. Heat the 25 mL Erlenmeyer flask in a water bath (not to exceed 50 degrees Celsius) until all of the product has dissolved. After 5 minutes if the product has not completely dissolved, add 5mL more of ethyl acetate. Place the 25 mL Erlenmeyer flask containing the product and ethyl acetate directly on the hot plate at 50 degrees Celsius. Raise the temperature of the hot plate to 125 degrees Celsius so that the solution boils. Keep a close eye on the Erlenmeyer flask. Heat the mixture for 5 minutes. After heating the mixture for 5 minutes, gravity filter what is in the 25 mL Erlenmeyer flask through filter paper. Put what goes through the filter paper back in the 25 mL Erlenmeyer flask and add petroleum ether drop by drop until crystals begin to form. If crystals do not form, place the 25 mL Erlenmeyer flask on a hot plate at 125 degrees Celsius with a boiling stone in the mixture. Wait for the mixture to boil and then let it boil for 5 minutes. After boiling for 5 minutes remove the 25 mL Erlenmeyer flask and remove the boiling stone. Allow the mixture to cool to room temperature. Scratch the bottom of the Erlenmeyer flask with a glass stirring rod with strong force. Place the Erlenmeyer flask in an ice bath for 30 minutes. Pour the contents in the 25 mL Erlenmeyer flask into a Buchner funnel attached to a vacuum filtration apparatus. Allow the product to vacuum dry for 5 minutes. While waiting for the sample to vacuum dry weigh a weigh boat. After the sample has dried for 5 minutes, turn off the vacuum filtration apparatus and retrieve the purified product from the Buchner funnel and place it in the previously weighed weigh boat. Weigh the weigh boat with sample inside and record the mass of the purified product formed. Calculate the percent yield of the product formed. Next, place a few crystals of the purified product in a test tube labeled B. Next perform the phenol test. You must have three test tubes, one labeled A with the crude aspirin product in it, one labeled B with the purified aspirin product in it, and one labeled C with salicylic acid in it. The third test tube labeled C is a control. Add 10 drops of iron (III) chloride to each test tube. Record the color observations. After recording the color of each test tube dispose of the waste into the appropriate waste container. Next, obtain a capillary tube. Fill the capillary tube with dry purified product. Invert the capillary tube and stick the open end of the capillary tube in the densest part of the crystal sample. Turn the capillary tube back to the upright position. The crystal product will be stuck at the top of the capillary tube. Tap the crystal product down to the bottom of the capillary tube. Load the capillary tube into the melting point apparatus and begin heating. Record the temperature range that the sample melts within. Once the melting point has been determined turn off the apparatus so it may cool and dispose of your capillary tube in the appropriate waste bin. Clean and dry any glassware used and return it to the appropriate location. Results: Conclusion: The mass of the crude aspirin product was 4. 791g. Due to apparent wetness of the product it is estimated that half of the mass is due to moisture. Taking this into account, the actual mass of the crude aspirin product is reduced to 2. 396g. The theoretical yield of crude aspirin product is 2. 607g. This information gave us a percent yield of 91. 89%. The mass of the purified aspirin product was 0. 301g. Due to apparent wetness of the product it is estimated that half of the mass is due to moisture. Taking this into account, the actual mass of the purified aspirin product is reduced to 0. 1505g. The percent yield of purified aspirin product was 5. 77%. This low percent yield of purified aspirin product was due to a few different factors. The first factor that caused a low percent yield was caused because we lost some crude product when we were moving our crude product from the weigh boat to the 25 mL Erlenmeyer flask. Another factor that could have caused a low percent yield was that when no crystals formed after adding drops of petroleum ether we placed our 25 mL Erlenmeyer flask back on the hot plate at 125 degrees Celsius. We could have accidentally boiled off some of our product. The third factor that caused a low percent yield of our purified product was that when we vacuum filtered our purified product, some of our purified product fell through the filter and into the side arm flask. Maybe if we hadn’t turned the water on so high it might not have fell through the filter. The results of the phenol test were that test tube A, which contained crude aspirin product, had no change in color and remained orange upon adding iron (III) chloride. This led us to believe that our crude aspirin product did not contain any phenol groups and was pure aspirin. Test tube B, which contained purified aspirin product also had no change in color and remained orange upon adding iron (III) chloride. This led us to believe that our purified aspirin product did not contain any phenol group and was pure aspirin. Test tube C, which contained salicylic acid, had an extreme change in color and turned dark purple. This was an expected result because salicylic acid has phenol groups and when iron (III) chloride is added it turned dark purple due to the concentration of the phenol groups present in the solution. Test tube C was our control. The results of the melting point test were that our purified aspirin product started melting at 86 degrees Celsius and at 102 degrees Celsius the entire purified aspirin product had completely melted. The melting point of the purified product was lower than the expected 135 degree Celsius melting point of aspirin, which revealed to us that the purified aspirin product still contained some impurities.

Space The Final Folly Essay Research Paper free essay sample

Space: The Final Folly Essay, Research Paper Space: The Final Folly In 1947 the universe had dreams of green foreigners with large eyes. In 1969 the universe turned on their telecastings to see adult male take their first stairss on the surface of the Moon, since so it has been all down hill from there with NASA and the infinite plan itself even now in 1998. The infinite plan is no longer on the heads of the American people, whether it is from deficiency of involvement or the many bloopers, both grounds are apprehensible. My perceptual experience of the infinite plan is that at this point it is pretty atrocious. In 1984 Reagan promised within 10 old ages the US. would construct an orbiting infinite station capable of everything from serving human deaths to supplying a staging base for missions to Mars. Since so Washington has spent about $ 12 billion of a jutting $ 27.5 billion on the undertaking ( 1984 ) , but merely a little portion of the 500,000 pound. We will write a custom essay sample on Space The Final Folly Essay Research Paper or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page of hardware has been used. # 8220 ; Business Week # 8221 ; shows that in # 8216 ; 94 that the with money spent so far merely half have bought something of value despite the fact that the money hasn # 8217 ; t been wasted. There has been jobs from the start on this undertaking though, NASA realized early on that there was no demand for a satalite-service installation and that a mission to Marss at that point was merely a dream, and that the station had to be changed from constructing the station in infinite to constructing it on the land which cost a redesigning fee. Despite this and Regains promise here we are, now 4 old ages after the deadline and there is nil near to that, we have barely even made it to Mars. The first illustration of NASA # 8217 ; s bad path record started so, but many bloopers were yet to follow. One of the other biggest jobs in NASA current and past history is the Hubble telescope. The 2 billion dollar telescope had problems since the beginning. In a span of two months after its much hyped start NASA discovered a defect with one of its mirrors. That problem was nil new for the interior decorators though, the chief aperture door threw the Hubble into trembles, with the unusual process of gap and shutting it. Besides several gyroscopes failed, and the star happening systems were messed up. When a scientist by the name of Chaisson contested Hubble’s claim of being the farthest seeing telescope, which it wasn’t, NASA tried to acquire him fired. This was one of NASA’s most controversial machine’s of all time, yet another job. NASA has non merely had jobs with its programs and machines, it has besides had jobs from within. NASA has admitted to long-standing jobs with disused information systems. GAO for case has said the bureau # 8217 ; s # 8220 ; civilization of liberty and decentalisation # 8221 ; prevents efficient and cost-efficient IT operations. These unfavorable judgments, combined with NASA # 8217 ; s program to cut IT disbursement by $ 400 million between 1997 and 2000, led the bureau to name a CIO in 1995. This is non how a good # 8220 ; concern # 8221 ; plants under any fortunes. Another job with the infinite plan is the authorities intervention. On Sept. 30, 1996, United Space Alliance, a private company, inked an unprecedented $ 6.9 billion trade with the authorities to bit by bit take over the daily operations of America # 8217 ; s infinite bird fleet. Three yearss subsequently, on Oct. 3, a Kennedy Space Center technician flipped the incorrect switch during a fire asphyxiator system trial, touching off a inundation that drenched an unreplaceable shuttle constituent. 14 pieces of dearly-won protective thermic covering were ruined. Be it a mere happenstance? Barely, say NASA functionaries, a safety consultative panel and an outside consulting house. About all perceivers now agree worker anxiousness over sweeping alterations within the National Aeronautics and Space Administration is at least partially to fault for a lifting rate of similar close calls. Even though NASA and its changeless jobs seems like it is non a worthwhile cause I think that the plan is really of import. Problems plauge this Earth, from pollution and planetary heating to war and decease and we can # 8217 ; t remain here everlastingly, we will necessitate a topographic point to travel. The eventual decease of the Earth is coming, and we will necessitate